Photovoltaic off-grid power generation system sichidalira gridi yamagetsi ndipo imagwira ntchito palokha, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kumadera akutali amapiri, madera opanda magetsi, zilumba, malo olumikizirana ndi magetsi a pamsewu ndi ntchito zina, pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya photovoltaic kuthetsa vutoli. Zosowa za okhala m'madera opanda magetsi, kusowa kwa magetsi ndi magetsi osakhazikika, masukulu kapena mafakitale ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi magetsi ogwira ntchito, magetsi opangira magetsi a photovoltaic ndi ubwino wachuma, ukhondo, chitetezo cha chilengedwe, palibe phokoso lomwe lingasinthe pang'ono kapena m'malo mwa dizilo. ntchito yopanga jenereta.

1 PV off-grid power generation system classification and composition
Makina opangira magetsi a Photovoltaic off-grid nthawi zambiri amagawidwa m'makina ang'onoang'ono a DC, makina ang'onoang'ono komanso apakatikati amagetsi opangira magetsi, komanso makina akulu opangira magetsi osagwiritsa ntchito gridi.Dongosolo laling'ono la DC makamaka limathetsa zofunikira zowunikira m'malo opanda magetsi;dongosolo laling'ono ndi lapakati off-grid makamaka kuthetsa zosowa magetsi mabanja, sukulu ndi mafakitale ang'onoang'ono;dongosolo lalikulu lakunja kwa gridi makamaka limathetsa zosowa zamagetsi za midzi yonse ndi zisumbu, ndipo dongosololi tsopano lilinso m'gulu la micro-grid system.
Photovoltaic off-grid power generation system nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi ma photovoltaic arrays opangidwa ndi ma module a solar, zowongolera solar, ma inverters, mabanki a mabatire, katundu, ndi zina zambiri.
Gulu la PV limasintha mphamvu ya dzuwa kukhala magetsi pakakhala kuwala, ndipo imapereka mphamvu ku katundu kudzera mu wolamulira wa dzuwa ndi inverter (kapena makina oyendetsa inverse), pamene akuyendetsa paketi ya batri;pamene palibe kuwala, batire imapereka mphamvu ku katundu wa AC kudzera mu inverter.
2 PV off-grid mphamvu zopangira zida zazikulu
01. Ma modules
Photovoltaic module ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la off-grid photovoltaic power generation system, yomwe ntchito yake ndikutembenuza mphamvu ya dzuwa kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi ya DC.Makhalidwe a kuwala ndi kutentha ndi zinthu ziwiri zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza ntchito ya module.
02, Inverter
Inverter ndi chipangizo chomwe chimatembenuza Direct current (DC) kukhala alternating current (AC) kuti ikwaniritse zosowa za mphamvu za katundu wa AC.
Malinga ndi mawonekedwe otulutsa, ma inverters amatha kugawidwa mu square wave inverter, step wave inverter, ndi sine wave inverter.Sine wave inverters imadziwika ndi kuchita bwino kwambiri, ma harmonics otsika, amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamitundu yonse ya katundu, ndipo amakhala ndi mphamvu zonyamula katundu wonyamula kapena wonyamula katundu.
03, Mtsogoleri
Ntchito yayikulu ya woyang'anira PV ndikuwongolera ndikuwongolera mphamvu ya DC yotulutsidwa ndi ma module a PV ndikuwongolera kuyitanitsa ndi kutulutsa batire mwanzeru.Machitidwe a Off-Grid ayenera kukonzedwa molingana ndi mphamvu yamagetsi ya DC yamagetsi ndi mphamvu yamagetsi ndi machitidwe oyenerera a PV controller.PV wowongolera amagawidwa mu mtundu wa PWM ndi mtundu wa MPPT, womwe umapezeka m'magulu osiyanasiyana amagetsi a DC12V, 24V ndi 48V.
04, Battery
Batire ndi chipangizo chosungiramo mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi, ndipo udindo wake ndi kusunga mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe zimachokera ku PV module kuti zipereke mphamvu pa katundu panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu.
05, Kuyang'anira
3 kamangidwe ka dongosolo ndi kusankha mfundo zopangira: kuonetsetsa kuti katunduyo akuyenera kukwaniritsa mphamvu ya magetsi, ndi ma modules ochepera a photovoltaic ndi mphamvu ya batri, kuti achepetse ndalama.
01, Photovoltaic module design
Njira yolozera: P0 = (P × t × Q) / (η1 × T) chilinganizo: P0 - mphamvu yapamwamba ya module ya solar cell, unit Wp;P - mphamvu ya katundu, unit W;t - -maola a tsiku ndi tsiku amagetsi amagetsi a katundu, unit H;η1 -ndi mphamvu ya dongosolo;T -nthawi yomwe imakhala yotentha kwambiri tsiku lililonse, chigawo cha HQ- - nthawi yamtambo yosalekeza (nthawi zambiri 1.2 mpaka 2)
02, PV controller design
Njira yolozera: I = P0 / V
Kumene: I - PV controller control panopa, unit A;P0 - mphamvu yapamwamba ya module ya solar cell, unit Wp;V - mphamvu yamagetsi ya paketi ya batri, unit V ★ Zindikirani: M'madera okwera, wolamulira wa PV ayenera kukulitsa malire ena ndikuchepetsa mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito.
03, Off-grid inverter
Fomu yofotokozera: Pn = (P * Q) / Cosθ Mu ndondomeko: Pn - mphamvu ya inverter, unit VA;P - mphamvu ya katundu, unit W;Cosθ - mphamvu ya inverter (nthawi zambiri 0.8);Q - malire omwe amafunikira pa inverter (nthawi zambiri amasankhidwa kuchokera 1 mpaka 5).★Dziwani: a.Katundu wosiyanasiyana (wotsutsa, wochititsa chidwi, wochititsa chidwi) amakhala ndi mafunde osiyanasiyana oyambira komanso zinthu zosiyanasiyana.b.M'malo okwera kwambiri, inverter iyenera kukulitsa malire ena ndikuchepetsa mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito.
04, batire ya asidi-lead
Njira yolozera: C = P × t × T / (V × K × η2) chilinganizo: C - mphamvu ya paketi ya batri, unit Ah;P - mphamvu ya katundu, unit W;t - kuchuluka kwa maola ogwiritsira ntchito magetsi tsiku lililonse, unit H;V - voliyumu yovotera ya paketi ya batri, unit V;K - kuchuluka kwa batire, kutengera mphamvu ya batri, kuya kwa kutulutsa, kutentha kozungulira, ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhudzidwa, zomwe zimatengedwa ngati 0,4 mpaka 0.7;η2 -inverter bwino;T - chiwerengero cha masiku amtambo otsatizana.
04, Batri ya lithiamu-ion
Njira yolozera: C = P × t × T / (K × η2)
Kumene: C - mphamvu ya paketi ya batri, unit kWh;P - mphamvu ya katundu, unit W;t - chiwerengero cha maola a magetsi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi katundu patsiku, unit H;K -kutulutsa kokwanira kwa batri, kutengera mphamvu ya batri, kuya kwa kutulutsa, kutentha kozungulira ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhudzidwa, zomwe zimatengedwa ngati 0,8 mpaka 0.9;η2 -inverter bwino;T - chiwerengero cha masiku otsatizana a mitambo.Mlandu Wopanga
Makasitomala omwe alipo akufunika kupanga makina opanga magetsi a photovoltaic, nthawi yanthawi yapakati padzuwa tsiku lililonse imaganiziridwa molingana ndi maola atatu, mphamvu ya nyali zonse za fulorosenti ili pafupi ndi 5KW, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa maola 4 patsiku, ndi kutsogolera. -mabatire a asidi amawerengedwa molingana ndi masiku a 2 amasiku amtambo wopitilira.Werengani kasinthidwe kadongosolo kameneka.