Nkhaniyi yawunikidwanso motsatira ndondomeko ndi ndondomeko za Science X. Akonzi atsindika mikhalidwe iyi pomwe akuwonetsetsa kuti zomwe zili mkatizo ndi zowona:
Mabatire a lithiamu-ion a zinyalala ochokera m'mafoni am'manja, ma laputopu ndi kuchuluka kwa magalimoto amagetsi akuchulukirachulukira, koma njira zobwezeretsanso zikadali zongowotcha kapena kusungunula mabatire omwe alephera. Njira zamakono zingayambitse mavuto a chilengedwe ndipo zimakhala zovuta kupanga chuma pamakampani.
Njira zachikhalidwe zimabwezeretsanso zida za batri ndikudalira ma alkali a caustic, ma asidi achilengedwe ndi mankhwala owopsa omwe amatha kuyambitsa zinyalala. Kuchotsa zitsulo zovuta kumafunanso kulekanitsa kovuta ndi mvula. Komabe, kukonzanso zitsulo monga cobalt ndi lithiamu kumatha kuchepetsa kuipitsa, kudalira magwero akunja komanso kutsekereza unyolo.
Ofufuza ku US Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory akonza njira yosungunulira mabatire mu njira yamadzimadzi kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwa mankhwala owopsa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga izi. Kafukufuku wawo adasindikizidwa mu nyuzipepala ya Energy Storage Materials.
Yankho losavuta, lothandiza komanso lokonda zachilengedwe lopangidwa ndi ofufuza a ORNL limagonjetsa zopinga zazikulu zomwe zidakumana ndi njira zam'mbuyomu.
Mabatire ogwiritsidwa ntchito amawaviikidwa mu njira ya organic citric acid (yomwe imapezeka mwachilengedwe mu zipatso za citrus) yosungunuka mu ethylene glycol, antifreeze yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazinthu zogula monga utoto ndi zodzoladzola. Citric acid imachokera ku magwero okhazikika ndipo ndi otetezeka kugwidwa kuposa ma inorganic acid. Yankho lothandizira chilengedweli limapereka njira yabwino kwambiri yolekanitsira ndi kukonzanso zitsulo mu batri yoyendetsedwa bwino ndi electrode, yotchedwa cathode.
"Chifukwa chakuti cathode ili ndi zipangizo zofunika kwambiri, ndi gawo lokwera mtengo kwambiri la batri iliyonse, yomwe imakhala yoposa 30 peresenti ya mtengo wake," anatero Yaokai Bai, membala wa gulu lofufuza za batri la ORNL. "Njira yathu imatha kuchepetsa mtengo wa batri pakapita nthawi." Kafukufukuyu adachitika pamalo opangira mabatire a Oak Ridge National Laboratory, malo akulu kwambiri ofufuza komanso chitukuko cha batire ku United States.
Ukadaulo wopangidwa kumeneko umalola pafupifupi 100% ya cobalt ndi lithiamu kuti ichotsedwe ku cathode popanda kuyambitsa zonyansa mu dongosolo. Imathanso kulekanitsa bwino njira zachitsulo kuchokera ku zotsalira zina. Koposa zonse, ntchito yake yachiwiri ndikubwezeretsanso 96% ya cobalt mkati mwa maola ochepa osawonjezera mankhwala owonjezera, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala njira yovuta yosinthira asidi.
"Aka ndi koyamba kuti njira imodzi yothetsera vutoli igwire ntchito za leaching ndi kukonza," adatero wofufuza wamkulu Lu Yu. "Zinali zosangalatsa kupeza kuti cobalt idagwa ndikukhazikika popanda chosokoneza china. Sitinayembekezere izi."
Kuchotsa kufunikira kwa mankhwala owonjezera kumachepetsa ndalama ndikupewa kubadwa kwa zinthu zomwe zimachokera kapena zowonongeka. "Ndife okondwa kuti njira yobwezeretsanso yopangidwa ndi asayansi athu ikhoza kuyambitsa njira yobwezeretsanso zida zofunika kwambiri za batri," atero a Ilyas Belharouaq, wofufuza zamakampani komanso director of Electrification Division ku Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
Bai adanena kuti leaching ya citric acid ndi ethylene glycol idaphunziridwa kale, koma njirayi idagwiritsa ntchito asidi wambiri komanso kutentha kochepa komanso sikuthandiza.
"Tidadabwa momwe zidatulukira mwachangu," adatero Bai. "Ndi ma organic acid nthawi zambiri amatenga maola 10 mpaka 12, koma izi zimangotenga ola limodzi lokha." Mankhwala achikhalidwe omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ma asidi achilengedwe amachedwanso chifukwa amakhala ndi madzi, omwe kuwira kwawo kumachepetsa kutentha.
Zambiri: Lu Yu et al., Kulekanitsa koyenera komanso kunyezimira kwa mpweya m'njira yosavuta yobwezeretsanso ma cathode, Zida Zosungirako Mphamvu (2023). DOI: 10.1016/j.ensm.2023.103025
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