Chimodzi mwazovuta zazikulu za mphamvu ya dzuwa ndikuti zimasiyana mosagwirizana malinga ndi tsiku ndi nyengo. Oyambitsa ambiri akugwira ntchito yopititsa patsogolo mphamvu zamagetsi masana-kupulumutsa mphamvu masana kuti azigwiritsa ntchito usiku kapena nthawi yomwe simukugwira ntchito.
Koma ndi anthu ochepa chabe amene athana ndi vuto la kusungirako nyengo yopuma ya mphamvu ya dzuwa. Nanga bwanji ngati mabanja akanatha kusunga mphamvu zambiri za dzuwa zomwe zimatulutsidwa m’miyezi yadzuŵa n’kuzigwiritsa ntchito potenthetsa ndi kupangira magetsi m’nyengo yozizira?
Mpaka pano masomphenyawa sanakwaniritsidwe. Mabatire ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri komanso osakhalitsa, okwera mtengo kwambiri komanso osagwira ntchito bwino, kotero kuti haidrojeni, yomwe simatulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha ikawotchedwa, idachotsedwa munjirayo.
Tsopano oyambitsa ku Norway akuti akhoza kubweretsa yankho lolimba la haidrojeni pamsika zaka zingapo zikubwerazi. Dziko la Norway ndi dziko limene lingafunike kusunga kuwala kwa dzuwa m’miyezi yozizira kwambiri.
Photoncycle yoyambira ili ndi malo pansi pa Oslo Science Park accelerator. Zikuwoneka ngati labotale kuposa ofesi: pansi pamakhala silinda yamkuwa ya kukula kwa mpando, wokutidwa ndi thovu wandiweyani. Uwu ndiye ukadaulo wosinthira wa Photoncycle.
Kampaniyo ikuyembekeza kukhazikitsa cylindrical yokulirapo yotalika pafupifupi ma kiyubiki mita atatu pansi pamtunda wa mayadi ochepa kuchokera panyumbapo. Silinda ili ndi yankho lolimba la haidrojeni lomwe lili ndi mphamvu zosungirako bwino kuposa mabatire kapena haidrojeni yamadzimadzi.
Ma solar panels pa madenga a nyumba zapafupi adzapereka dongosolo ndi mphamvu zosungidwa mu mayunitsi. Mphamvu zowonjezera zidzagulitsidwa ku gridi.
Kuperewera kwa kusungirako mphamvu ya dzuwa yopangidwa m'chilimwe kumabweretsa "kusagwirizana kwakukulu" pakati pa nthawi yopangira ndi yogwiritsira ntchito: "Izi ndizovuta kwambiri momwe angapangire mphamvu zamagetsi zongowonjezwdwa kuti zigwire ntchito bwino," akutero Björn Brandtsaeg, yemwe anayambitsa Photoncycle.
"50% yotsalayo imakhala yopanda ntchito chifukwa ikangopangidwa, imatayidwa kapena kuchepetsedwa. Ngati mungathe kusunga mphamvu zowonjezera ndikuzimasula m'nyengo yozizira kapena mukakhala ndi mphamvu zowonjezera, ndiye kuti muli ndi mwayi weniweni woti musinthe."
Brandtsaeg ndi wazamalonda wodziwa zomangamanga. Awiri mwamakampani ake am'mbuyomu anali akulu: kampani yopanga magetsi ku Georgia ndi Clean Energy Group, kampani yamagetsi yongowonjezwdwa yaku Norway. Poyerekeza, Photoncycle ili ndi antchito asanu ndi anayi okha ndipo yathandizidwa ndi ndalama zaka ziwiri zapitazi ndi ndalama za Brandzaeg komanso ndalama za Startup Lab.
Lingaliro la kampaniyo lidabwera pomwe Brandzaeg anali katswiri woyendera ku MIT, komwe anali m'gulu la gulu lomwe likuphunzira za tsogolo la kusungirako mphamvu komanso momwe angagwiritsire ntchito gridi yamagetsi yopangidwa ndi 100% mphamvu zowonjezera. Wochita bizinesi wosagwiritsa ntchito luso adagwirizana ndi asayansi kuti apeze yankho lopanda moto lomwe silitaya mphamvu zambiri panthawi yotembenuka.
Brandtsaeg adanyamula chinthu chonga choko: "Ndi ichi mutha kusunga mphamvu zochulukirapo nthawi 20 kuposa batire ya lithiamu."
"Timangirira mamolekyu a haidrojeni m'zinthu zolimba, makamaka kuzikonza. Timagwiritsa ntchito selo losinthika la kutentha kwapamwamba, kotero tikuthandizira kupanga selo lamafuta lomwe lingathe kupanga hydrogen ndi magetsi mu selo lomwelo," adatero.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti haidrojeni sifunika kuziziritsidwa, kupangitsa kuti ikhale yocheperako komanso yocheperako kuposa mabatire a lithiamu-ion.
"Aliyense amadziwa kuti mukasuntha hydrogen ndi kutuluka mu selo yamafuta, pali zotayika. Mu dongosolo lathu, kutaya kwenikweni ndi kutentha," adatero Brandzaeg.
"Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kotayidwa kuti mukhale ndi mphamvu m'nyumba - 70 peresenti ya mphamvu zanyumba ndizotenthetsera," adatero.
Dongosololi limaphatikizapo mapanelo adzuwa omwe amalumikizana mwachindunji ndi zida zomwe zilipo ndipo amatha kusintha gasi wachilengedwe ndi mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa mumagetsi ophatikizana a kutentha ndi mphamvu. Brandtsaeg adati kukhazikitsa kudzatenga pafupifupi tsiku.
Wina angaganize kuti kampani yaku Norway iyesa malonda ku Norway poyamba. Komabe, popeza dziko la Norway lili ndi mphamvu zotsika mtengo kwambiri ku Europe, sizikhala ndi zotsatira zopulumutsa ndalama kwa ogwiritsa ntchito.
M'malo mwake, Brandsag adasankha dziko loyandikana nalo la Denmark, dziko lomwe lili ndi mitengo yapamwamba kwambiri yamagetsi ku Europe, kuti likhale loyamba kukhazikitsa ukadaulo.
"Denmark ndi msika woyenera wotsegulira, wokhala ndi nyumba pafupifupi 400,000 zotenthedwa ndi gasi ndi mafuta," adatero.
Denmark yasankhanso kuthetsa kutentha kwa gasi pofika chaka cha 2030, chomwe chidzalimbikitsa anthu kuyang'ana magwero atsopano a kutentha, adatero Brandzaeg.
Makasitomala adzalandira makina opangira magetsi ophatikizika mokwanira kudzera mu mtundu wolembetsa, akulipira ndalama zokhazikika pamwezi zofanana ndi mtengo wamagetsi wosakwana €0.10 pa kWh. Pamagetsi opangidwa ndi kugulitsidwa pa intaneti, Photoncycle ili ndi dongosolo logawana phindu ndi ogula amalandira theka la ndalama zomwe zimagulitsidwa.
Brandtsaeg adanena kuti pakukhazikitsa ndi kulumikiza mayunitsi okwanira, akhoza kukhala malo opangira magetsi omwe angayambe kugulitsa mphamvu pamisika yamagetsi ku Ulaya.
"Izi zimakulolani kuti musamangogulitsa mphamvu monga ntchito kwa makasitomala, komanso kukhala wosewera wamkulu kwambiri pamsika wamagetsi."
Oyambitsa akuyembekeza kuchulukitsa katatu kukula kwa gululi ndikukonzekera kugulitsa magawo 10,000 ku Denmark pofika 2025 ndikukhazikitsa pofika 2027.
Brandtsaeg adati lingaliro logwiritsa ntchito haidrojeni yolimba posungira mphamvu idayamba zaka zingapo zapitazo, koma makampani anali asanaigwiritse ntchito pazolinga zapakhomo.
Ma cell amafuta olimba omwe timagwiritsa ntchito posachedwapa ayamba kugulitsidwa, choncho anthu amawagwiritsa ntchito m'mafakitale akuluakulu.
Ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa EU Solar Strategy, kuyika kwa mapanelo adzuwa padenga m'derali kuyenera kuchulukirachulukira. Dongosolo loti likhale lovomerezeka kwa nyumba zonse za anthu ndi zamalonda zomwe zilipo pa 250 masikweya mita pofika chaka cha 2027, komanso nyumba zonse zogonamo pofika chaka cha 2029, ndizolimbikitsa kwambiri gulu la Photoncycle.
"Chidziwitso cha Elon Musk ndi chakuti kuti muthe kumenya magalimoto a petulo, muyenera kupereka chinthu chokongola kwambiri kwa anthu ngati njira ina. Ndikuganiza kuti ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri chomwe muyenera kuganiziranso pankhani ya mphamvu zowonjezera," adatero.
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